1.我国农村非正规金融存在形式及地位。1.Ruralexistenceformofnon-formalfinanceandstatus.所谓非正规金融是指非法定的金融机构所提供的间接融资以及个人之间或者个人与企业之间的直接融资，其活动通常没有经过政府批准或未被纳入金融监管体系。Theso-calledinformalfinancereferstofinancialinstitutionsnon-statutoryindirectfinancingandprovidedpersonalorbetweenindividualsandenterprises,thedirectfinancingbetweenitsactivitiesusuallywithoutgovernmentapprovalornotbeeninvolvedinthefinancialregulatorysystem.目前主要包括民间借贷、合会、民间集资、农村合作基金会、小额贷款、中小企业信用担保机构等组织形式。Atpresentmainlyincludefolklending,andwill,folkfunds,ruralcooperativefoundation,smallloans,guaranteeagenciesforsmallandmiddle-sizedenterprisessuchorganizationalforms.农村非正规金融具有法律规范不完善、业务对象范围狭窄、贷款程序简单、贷款条件宽松、信息对称性较强等特点。Ruralinformalfinanceisimperfectlegalnorms,narrowbusinessobjects,loanprogramsimple,loanconditionsloose,informationsymmetrycharacteristicssuchasstrong.在我国的农村经济的发展中，农村非正规金融信贷供给额度占金融体系份额与正规金融相当，是我国金融体系中不可缺少的重要组成部分。InChina''sruraleconomicdevelopment,theruralcreditsupplyofnon-formalfinanceoffinancialsystemshareamountwithregularfinancialquite,isChina''sfinancialsystemindispensableimportantcomponent.2.农村非正规金融的理论基础和发展机制。2.Ruralbasictheoryofnon-formalfinanceanddevelopmentmechanism.农村非正规金融的产生主要由于我国农村资金供需结构不平衡，同时我国农村正规金融发展不完备，农民的有效需求不能得到解决，非正规金融具有正规金融所不具备的优势。Ruralofnon-formalfinancegenerationbasicallybecauseourcountryruralcapitalsupplyanddemandstructureimbalance,whileourcountryruralregularfinancialdevelopment,incomplete,farmerscan''tgetresolved,theeffectivedemandofnon-regularfinancehasnotpossesstheformalfinancialadvantage.农村非正规金融顺应农村经济发展的要求产生及发展。Ruralinformalfinancialconformtotherequirementsofthedevelopmentofruraleconomygeneratedanddevelopment.金融抑制理论和金融深化理论揭示了农村非正规金融存在的理论基础。Financialinhibitiontheoryandfinancialdeepeningtheoryrevealstheexistingruralbasictheoryofnon-regularfinance.我国农村非正规金融组织的发展机制主要有制度变迁机制和履约机制。China''sruraldevelopmentofnon-regularfinanceorganizationsaremainlyinstitutionalchangemechanismoffailuremechanismandthemechanism.两种机制并存，使得我国的非正规金融组织在发展中不断进步，适应经济社会的需求。Bothmechanismscoexist,whichthecountry''sinformalfinancialorganizationindevelopingimprovement,theadaptationofsocialandeconomicneeds.3.各国农业非正规金融发展及借鉴。3.Countriesagriculturedevelopmentandnon-formalfinanceforreference.通过对美国、德国、日本、印度四个国家非正规金融发展的分析，对我国的非正规金融的发展具有启示作用，即引入竞争机制，促进各种金融组织的共同发展。ThroughtotheUnitedStates,Germany,Japan,Indiafourcountries,thedevelopmentofnon-formalfinanceanalysistoourcountry''sdevelopmentofnon-formalfinancehaveenlightenmentfunction,orintroducingcompetitionmechanism,andpromotingthecommondevelopmentofthevariousfinancialorganization.4.我国非正规金融在发展中遇到的问题。4.Ourcountryindevelopingofnon-formalfinanceproblems.目前，我国农村非正规金融在发展遇到的问题主要有法律法规不健全导致的运行不畅，内部组织模式不规范导致的管理缺陷，外部监管不力致使的农民权益受损以及借贷主体与承贷主体不一致的问题。Atpresent,ourcountryruralofnon-formalfinanceproblemsindevelopmentaremainlytolawsandregulations,improveoperationimpeded,internalorganizationmodeisnotstandardleadtomanagementdefect,externalsupervisionofpoorfarmers''rightsthatdamagedandlendingsubjectandcommitmentshallsubjectinconsistentproblem.5.我国农村非正规金融健康发展的对策。5.ThehealthydevelopmentofChina''sruralcountermeasuresofnon-regularfinance.针对我国农村非正规金融存在的问题，建议适度规模，保持其可持续发展，在金融运行体制中完善法规体系，形成规范化的制度平台，同时制定内部管理制度，形成规范化的发展模式，建立农村信用网络，鼓励非正规金融与正规金融合作。AccordingtoChina''sruralproblemsofnon-formalfinance,suggestmoderatescale,maintainitssustainabledevelopmentinfinancialoperationsystem,perfectingregulationssystemandformingstandardizedsystemplatform,alsostipulateinternalmanagementsystem,themodelofthedevelopmentofaregular,encouragetheestablishmentofruralcreditnetworknon-regularfinanceandregularfinancialcooperation。
黄眷杰2019-12-21 20:20:28