2019年ACCA考试即将开始,我们将第一时间公布考试相关内容,请各位考生密切关注高顿ACCA,预祝大家顺利通过ACCA考试。今天为大家带来的是IFRS10合并财务报表。IFRS10ConsolidatedFinancialStatementsThisarticlewillconsiderhowtheaccountingstandardIFRS10ConsolidatedFinancialStatementsIFRS10addressesthedefinitionofasubsidiary.Whereaninvestmentisidentifiedasasubsidiarythenconsolidatedfinancialstatementsarepreparedwherethefinancialstatementsofagroupparentanditssubsidiariesarepresentedasthoseofasingleeconomicentity.Butwhatexactlyisasubsidiary?Wellthestandardtakesaprinciplesbasedapproachandinsimpletermsdefinesasubsidiaryintermsofcontrol.Itshouldbenotedthatthedefinitionofasubsidiaryisnotanumberratheritisbasedontheprincipleofcontrol.Thisprinciplesbasedapproachisimportantascreativeaccountantsadoptingalegalisticapproachmaywishtotryandarguethataninvestmentisnotasubsidiary,onthebasisthattheinvestor’sshareholdingislessthan50%andsotheentityshouldnotbeconsolidated.Theseargumentsareoftenusedwheretheinvestmentishighlygeared.Whatthecreativeaccountantistryingtodoistaketheinvestment’sliabilitiesoffthegroupbalancesheetasiftheinvestmentisdefinedasasubsidiarytheirliabilitiesareaggregatedinfullintheconsolidatedaccounts.Itisalwaysimportanttoconsidersubstanceoftherelationshipwithaninvestmentandnotjustthesizeoftheshareholding.Ifaninvestmentisinfactcontrolledthenitisasubsidiaryanditsincomeexpensesassetsandliabilitiesshouldbeconsolidatedinorderthatthereistransparencyandaccountability.Controlisthoughnormally,butnotexclusively,evidencedbytheinvestorholdingamajority50%+ofthevotingrights.DefinitionofcontrolAccordingtoIFRS10,aninvestorcontrolsaninvesteeifandonlyiftheinvestorhasallofthefollowingelements:·powerovertheinvestee,i.e.theinvestorhasexistingrightsthatgiveittheabilitytodirecttherelevantactivitiestheactivitiesthatsignificantlyaffecttheinvestee’sreturns·exposure,orrights,tovariablereturnsfromitsinvolvementwiththeinvestee·theabilitytouseitspowerovertheinvesteetoaffecttheamountoftheinvestor’sreturns.Importantlythoughaninvestorwillalsohavetoconsiderallrelevantfactsandcircumstanceswhenassessingwhetheritcontrolsaninvestee.Powerarisesfromrights.Suchrightscanbestraightforwarde.g.throughvotingrightsorbecomplexe.g.embeddedincontractualarrangements.Aninvestormustbeexposed,orhaverights,tovariablereturnsfromitsinvolvementwithaninvesteetocontroltheinvestee.Suchreturnsmusthavethepotentialtovaryasaresultoftheinvestee’sperformanceandcanbepositive,negative,orboth.Aparentmustnotonlyhavepoweroveraninvesteeandexposureorrightstovariablereturnsfromitsinvolvementwiththeinvestee,aparentmustalsohavetheabilitytouseitspowerovertheinvesteetoaffectitsreturnsfromitsinvolvementwiththeinvestee.Let’sexploretheissueofcontrolthroughacoupleofexamples!QSingapore&FlyerSingaporehasrecentlyacquired40%oftheequitycapitalandvotingrightsofFlyer.Theother60%ofFlyer’ssharesareheldbyawidevarietyofinvestors,noneofwhomownsmorethan0·5%individually.Noneoftheothershareholdershasanyarrangementstoconsultanyoftheothersormakecollectivedecisions.SinceSingaporepurchasedtheinvestmentithasactivelyparticipatedinestablishingtheoperatingandfinancialpoliciesofFlyer.Required:DiscusshowthepurchaseoftheshareholdinginFlyershouldbeaccountedforintheconsolidatedfinancialstatementsofSingapore.ASingapore&FlyerOnafirstreview,SingaporedoesnothavethepowertocontrolFlyersimplyonaccountofitstheabsolutesizeoftheinvestor’sholding.Therelativesizeoftheothershareholdingsalonearenotconclusiveindeterminingwhethertheinvestorhasrightssufficienttogiveitpower.Aninvestorcontrolsaninvesteeifandonlyiftheinvestorhasallofthefollowingelements:·powerovertheinvestee,i.e.theinvestorhasexistingrightsthatgiveittheabilitytodirecttherelevantactivitiestheactivitiesthatsignificantlyaffecttheinvestee’sreturns·exposure,orrights,tovariablereturnsfromitsinvolvementwiththeinvestee·theabilitytouseitspowerovertheinvesteetoaffecttheamountoftheinvestor’sreturns.Aninvestorwillalsohavetoconsiderallrelevantfactsandcircumstanceswhenassessingwhetheritcontrolsaninvestee.SowhenweconsidertherelevantfactsthatnoneoftheothershareholdershasanyarrangementstoconsultanyoftheothersormakecollectivedecisionsandthatsinceSingaporepurchasedtheinvestmentithasactivelyparticipatedinestablishingtheoperatingandfinancialpoliciesofFlyerwecanconcludethatFlyeriscontrolled.InconclusionFlyeristhereforeasubsidiaryofSingapore.QSingapore&AirwaysSingaporehasjustpurchased25%oftheequityandvotingsharesinAirways.InadditionSingaporehaspurchasedasubstantialnumberofwarrantsoptionsissuedbyAirwayswhicharecurrentlyexercisable.Ifthesewarrantsareexercised,theywillresultinSingaporeowning60%ofthevotingsharesofAirways.SinceSingaporepurchasedtheinvestmentithasactivelyparticipatedinestablishingtheoperatingandfinancialpoliciesofAirways.Required:DiscusshowthepurchaseoftheshareholdinginAirwaysshouldbeaccountedforintheconsolidatedfinancialstatementsofSingapore.A.Singapore&AirwaysOnafirstreview,SingaporedoesnothavethepowertocontrolAirwayssimplyonaccountofitsabsolutesizeoftheinvestor’sholding,butthisisnotconclusiveindeterminingwhethertheinvestorhasrightssufficienttogiveitpowertocontrol.Aninvestorcontrolsaninvesteeifandonlyiftheinvestorhasallofthefollowingelements:·powerovertheinvestee,i.e.theinvestorhasexistingrightsthatgiveittheabilitytodirecttherelevantactivitiestheactivitiesthatsignificantlyaffecttheinvestee’sreturns·exposure,orrights,tovariablereturnsfromitsinvolvementwiththeinvestee·theabilitytouseitspowerovertheinvesteetoaffecttheamountoftheinvestor’sreturns.Aninvestorwillalsohavetoconsiderallrelevantfactsandcircumstanceswhenassessingwhetheritcontrolsaninvestee.SowhenweconsidertherelevantfactswenotethatitisinvestorSingaporethathaswarrantsthatareexercisableandiftheywerethenitwouldhaveamajorityofthevotingrights.SinceSingaporepurchasedtheinvestmentithasactivelyparticipatedinestablishingtheoperatingandfinancialpoliciesofAirways.Onthisbasisthisissufficienttoconcludethatithaspowerovertheinvesteewhichitisusing.InconclusionAirwaysisasubsidiaryofSingapore.TomClendonFCCAisalecturerwithFTMSbasedinSingapore.Heistheauthorof“Astudent’sguidetogroupaccounts”publishedbyKaplanwhichisnowinitssecondedition.本文由高顿ACCA编辑整理,转载请注明出处。
黄登英2019-12-21 20:54:38